– Structure:
– Xylose has a chemical formula HOCH(CH(OH))3CHO.
– It can exist in acyclic and cyclic forms, with cyclic forms being more common.
– The cyclic forms include pyranoses and furanoses with different ring structures.
– The dextrorotary form, d-xylose, is naturally occurring.
– A levorotary form, l-xylose, can be synthesized.
– Occurrence:
– Xylose is a major component of hemicellulose xylan in plants.
– It is found in the embryos of most edible plants.
– Xylose was first isolated from wood in 1881.
– It is crucial in the biosynthesis of anionic polysaccharides.
– Some species of Chrysolinina beetles contain xylose in their defensive glands.
– Applications:
– The acid-catalyzed degradation of hemicellulose yields furfural for polymer production.
– Xylose is metabolized by humans but is not a significant nutrient.
– Xylose is used in animal medicine to test for malabsorption.
– A low-temperature enzyme-driven process can convert xylose into hydrogen.
– Xylose can be reduced to produce xylitol, a sugar substitute.
– Chemistry:
– Xylose has a molecular weight of approximately 150 g/mol.
– It is classified as an aldopentose due to its five carbon atoms.
– Xylose is a reducing sugar due to its free aldehyde group.
– The compound is primarily in its standard state at 25°C and 100kPa.
– Xylose can adopt various structures based on conditions.
– References:
– Xylose is referenced in various chemical and biological publications.
– The Merck Index and CRC Handbook of Chemistry provide information on xylose.
– Studies have been conducted on xylose metabolism and derivatives.
– Research has been conducted on xylose absorption in animals.
– Enzyme-driven processes for hydrogen production from xylose have been developed.
Xylose (cf. Ancient Greek: ξύλον, xylon, "wood") is a sugar first isolated from wood, and named for it. Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose type, which means that it contains five carbon atoms and includes an aldehyde functional group. It is derived from hemicellulose, one of the main constituents of biomass. Like most sugars, it can adopt several structures depending on conditions. With its free aldehyde group, it is a reducing sugar.
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
d-Xylose
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| Other names
(+)-Xylose
Wood sugar | |||
| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.043.072 | ||
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UNII |
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| Properties | |||
| C 5H 10O 5 | |||
| Molar mass | 150.13 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | monoclinic needles or prisms, colourless | ||
| Density | 1.525 g/cm3 (20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | 144 to 145 °C (291 to 293 °F; 417 to 418 K) | ||
Chiral rotation ([α]D)
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+22.5° (CHCl 3) | ||
| -84.80·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Hazards | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Related compounds | |||
Related aldopentoses
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Arabinose Ribose Lyxose | ||
Related compounds
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Xylulose | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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